Manage Your VMs with a Web Panel: Easy & Efficient Control!
Creating and Configuring a Virtual Machine Through the Web Panel
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After installing and configuring the web panel, you can proceed to create virtual machines. The process of creating a virtual machine usually includes choosing an operating system, allocating resources (CPU, RAM, disk), and configuring the network. Let’s look at the process of creating a virtual machine in Proxmox VE.
Creating a Virtual Machine in Proxmox VE
1. **Open the Proxmox VE web interface** and log in using an administrator account.
2. **Select the node where the virtual machine will be created.** In a Proxmox VE cluster, a node is a physical server.
3. **Click the «Create VM» button** in the upper right corner of the web interface.
4. **The virtual machine creation wizard will guide you through several steps:**
* **General:** Set the Virtual Machine ID (VM ID), Name, and Resource Pool. The VM ID must be unique within the cluster.
* **OS:** Choose the operating system ISO image (OS Image). If you don’t have an ISO image, upload it to the Proxmox VE storage. Also, select the operating system type (Guest OS Type).
* **System:** Configure system parameters such as BIOS type (BIOS) and graphics adapter type (Graphic card).
* **Disks:** Create a virtual disk (Disk). Choose the storage type (Storage), disk size (Disk Size), and disk format (Disk Format). It is recommended to use the QCOW2 format for flexibility and snapshot support.
* **CPU:** Allocate CPUs (processor cores) for the virtual machine. Specify the number of sockets (Sockets) and cores per socket (Cores). Consider the resources of your physical server.
* **Memory:** Allocate RAM (memory) for the virtual machine. Specify the amount of Memory and Minimum Memory.
* **Network:** Configure the network interface (Network). Choose the network bridge (Bridge), device model (Device Model), and MAC address (MAC Address).
* **Confirm:** Check all parameters and click the «Finish» button.
5. **Start the virtual machine.** After creating the virtual machine, select it in the web interface and click the «Start» button.
6. **Connect to the virtual machine console.** Select the virtual machine in the web interface and click the «Console» button. You will see the operating system console of the virtual machine.
Example command to create a virtual machine via the command line (Proxmox VE):
Configuring a Virtual Machine After Creation
After creating the virtual machine, you need to configure the operating system and install the necessary packages.
1. **Install the operating system.** Boot from the ISO image and follow the operating system installer instructions.
2. **Install guest agents.** Guest agents improve integration between the host system and the virtual machine. They provide more accurate information about the virtual machine’s state and allow you to perform certain operations, such as shutdown and restart, from the web interface.
Example commands to install guest agents (Debian/Ubuntu):
3. **Configure the network.** Configure the operating system’s network parameters, such as IP address, subnet mask, gateway, and DNS servers. Use a static IP address for virtual machines that require a permanent address.
Example network configuration (Debian/Ubuntu, /etc/network/interfaces file):
4. **Install the necessary packages.** Install the packages needed for the virtual machine to function, such as a Your VPS: A Quick & Easy Guide" class="internal-post-link">VPS: Quick Guide to Setting Up a Web Server" class="internal-post-link">web server, database, programming language interpreter, etc.
5. **Configure the firewall.** Configure the firewall to protect the virtual machine from unauthorized access. Use tools such as `iptables` (Linux) or `firewalld` (CentOS/RHEL).
Creating and configuring a virtual machine is an important step that determines the functionality and security of your virtual infrastructure. Carefully plan your resources and configure security parameters.
Automate the virtual machine creation process using scripts and templates. This will save you a lot of time and effort.
Jane Smith, Cloud Architect
Virtual Machine Management: Basic Operations
Managing virtual machines through the web panel includes a wide range of operations, such as starting, stopping, rebooting, creating snapshots, cloning, and migrating. Web panels provide a convenient interface for performing these operations. Let’s look at the basic operations of virtual machine management in Proxmox VE.
Starting, Stopping, and Rebooting a Virtual Machine
The main virtual machine power management operations are available in the Proxmox VE web interface. Select the virtual machine and click the «Start», «Stop», or «Reboot» button.
Alternatively, you can use the command line to perform these operations:
# Start virtual
When choosing a web panel, also consider the availability of documentation and support. An active community and detailed documentation will help you solve problems faster.
Setting Up the Environment for Virtual Machine Management
Before installing a web panel and starting to create virtual machines, you need to prepare the environment. This includes installing the necessary packages, configuring the network, and checking the health of the virtualization system. Let's look at the basic steps.
Installing KVM and libvirt
KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is a Linux kernel module that allows you to use hardware virtualization. Libvirt is a library and a set of tools for managing virtual machines. For most web panels that support KVM, you need to install these packages.
Example commands for installing KVM and libvirt (CentOS/RHEL):
# Installing KVM and libvirt
sudo yum install qemu-kvm libvirt virt-install bridge-utils
# Starting and enabling libvirtd
sudo systemctl start libvirtd
sudo systemctl enable libvirtd
# Checking the status of libvirtd
sudo systemctl status libvirtd
Example commands for installing KVM and libvirt (Debian/Ubuntu):
# Installing KVM and libvirt
sudo apt install qemu-kvm libvirt-daemon-system virtinst bridge-utils
# Adding the user to the libvirt group
sudo adduser $USER libvirt
# Rebooting (or logging out and logging back in)
# Checking the status of libvirtd
sudo systemctl status libvirtd
After installation, you need to check that KVM is working correctly. You can use the following command to do this:
# Checking for hardware virtualization support
egrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo
If the result is greater than 0, then hardware virtualization is supported. If the result is 0, you need to check if virtualization is enabled in BIOS/UEFI.
Configuring the Network for Virtual Machines
Virtual machines need a network connection to access the network and the Internet. There are several ways to configure the network:
NAT (Network Address Translation): Virtual machines use the IP address of the host system and access the network through NAT.
Bridged Networking: Virtual machines get separate IP addresses from your network and connect directly to the network.
Internal Networking: Virtual machines are connected to an internal network that is isolated from the external network.
For most scenarios, it is recommended to use bridged networking, as this allows virtual machines to interact directly with other devices on the network.
Example bridged networking configuration (CentOS/RHEL, file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0):
Example bridged networking configuration (CentOS/RHEL, file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 - replace eth0 with the name of your network interface):
Example bridged networking configuration (Debian/Ubuntu, file /etc/network/interfaces):
auto br0
iface br0 inet dhcp
bridge_ports eth0
bridge_stp off
bridge_waitport 0
bridge_fd 0
After configuring the network, you need to restart the network service:
# Restarting the network (CentOS/RHEL)
sudo systemctl restart network
# Restarting the network (Debian/Ubuntu)
sudo systemctl restart networking
Setting Up SSH Access
For remote management of virtual machines, it is recommended to set up SSH access. This will allow you to connect to virtual machines via the command line.
Example command to install the SSH server (Debian/Ubuntu):
sudo apt install openssh-server
Example command to install the SSH server (CentOS/RHEL):
sudo yum install openssh-server
Make sure the SSH server is running and enabled at startup:
It is recommended to configure SSH keys for secure passwordless access.
# Generating an SSH key on the client machine
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096
# Copying the key to the server
ssh-copy-id user@server_ip
Example SSH server configuration file (/etc/ssh/sshd_config):
Port 22
ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
PermitRootLogin no
PubkeyAuthentication yes
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys
PasswordAuthentication no
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
UsePAM no
X11Forwarding no
AcceptEnv LANG LC_*
Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server
Make sure that the firewall allows access to the SSH port (default 22).
Setting up the environment is an important step that will ensure the stable and secure operation of your virtual machines. Do not skip it and carefully check all the parameters.
Web Panel Installation and Configuration
After preparing the environment, you can proceed to install and configure the selected web panel. The installation process may vary depending on the panel, but the general principles remain the same: downloading the installation package, running the installer, and configuring access parameters. Let's consider the installation of Proxmox VE as an example.
Installing Proxmox VE
Proxmox VE is installed on a clean Debian GNU/Linux system. It is recommended to use the latest stable version of Debian.
1. **Downloading the Proxmox VE ISO image:** Download the ISO image from the official Proxmox VE website: https://www.proxmox.com/en/downloads.
2. **Creating a bootable medium:** Write the ISO image to a USB drive or DVD. You can use tools such as Rufus (Windows) or dd (Linux).
# Creating a bootable USB (replace /dev/sdX with the name of your USB device)
sudo dd bs=4M if=proxmox-ve_7.4-1.iso of=/dev/sdX conv=fsync
**Warning:** Using the `dd` command can lead to data loss if you specify the wrong device. Be extremely careful!
3. **Booting from the medium and installing:** Boot the server from the created medium and follow the installer instructions. The installer will ask for network parameters, administrator password, and other settings.
4. **Updating the system:** After installation, you need to update the system and install the necessary packages.
# Updating the package list
apt update
# Updating the system
apt full-upgrade
5. **Configuring Proxmox VE repositories:** By default, Proxmox VE uses a repository with a paid subscription. For home use, you can use a repository without a subscription.
# Removing the repository with the subscription
rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pve-enterprise.list
# Adding a repository without a subscription
echo "deb http://download.proxmox.com/debian/pve bullseye pve-no-subscription" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pve-no-subscription.list
# Updating the package list
apt update
# Updating the system
apt full-upgrade
6. **Installing the web interface:** Proxmox VE installs the web interface automatically. It can be accessed at https://<server_ip_address>:8006.
7. **Setting the time:** It is important that the server has the correct time set. Use NTP (Network Time Protocol) to synchronize the time.
# Installing NTP
apt install ntp
# Checking the status of NTP
systemctl status ntp
Configuring the web panel after installation
After installing the web panel, you need to configure it to work with virtual machines. This includes configuring the network, storage, and users.
**Configuring the network (Proxmox VE):** Configure network bridges to connect virtual machines to the network. This can be done through the web interface or through the command line.
# Creating a network bridge (vmbr1, connected to eth1)
ip link add name vmbr1 type bridge
ip link set dev eth1 master vmbr1
ip addr flush dev eth1
ip addr add 192.168.1.10/24 dev vmbr1
ip link set dev vmbr1 up
ip link set dev eth1 up
**Configuring storage (Proxmox VE):** Configure storage for storing virtual machine disk images. Proxmox VE supports various types of storage, such as local, directory, NFS, iSCSI, and Ceph.
# Creating storage (directory, name "data", path /var/lib/vz)
pvesm add dir data --path /var/lib/vz --content images,rootdir
**User management (Proxmox VE):** Create users and assign them access rights to virtual machines. It is recommended not to use the root account to manage virtual machines.
# Creating a user (john, group "pve")
pveum useradd john@pve --password "StrongPassword"
# Assigning access rights (VM.Allocate, VM.PowerMgmt, on VMID 100)
pveum aclmod /vms/100 -user john@pve -perm VM.Allocate VM.PowerMgmt
**Configuring the firewall (Proxmox VE):** Configure the firewall to protect virtual machines from unauthorized access. Proxmox VE has a built-in firewall that can be configured through the web interface or through the command line.
Example firewall configuration (Proxmox VE, file /etc/pve/firewall/cluster.fw):
[OPTIONS]
enable: 1
[RULES]
IN ACCEPT -source 192.168.1.0/24 -dest 192.168.1.10
IN DROP -source ALL -dest 192.168.1.10
OUT ACCEPT -dest 192.168.1.0/24 -source 192.168.1.10
OUT DROP -dest ALL -source 192.168.1.10
Installing and configuring a web panel is a complex process that requires attention and knowledge of Linux. Take your time and carefully follow the instructions.
Official Proxmox VE Installation Guide
Creating and Configuring a Virtual Machine Through the Web Panel
```
After installing and configuring the web panel, you can proceed to create virtual machines. The process of creating a virtual machine usually includes choosing an operating system, allocating resources (CPU, RAM, disk), and configuring the network. Let's look at the process of creating a virtual machine in Proxmox VE.
Creating a Virtual Machine in Proxmox VE
1. **Open the Proxmox VE web interface** and log in using an administrator account.
2. **Select the node where the virtual machine will be created.** In a Proxmox VE cluster, a node is a physical server.
3. **Click the "Create VM" button** in the upper right corner of the web interface.
4. **The virtual machine creation wizard will guide you through several steps:**
* **General:** Set the Virtual Machine ID (VM ID), Name, and Resource Pool. The VM ID must be unique within the cluster.
* **OS:** Choose the operating system ISO image (OS Image). If you don't have an ISO image, upload it to the Proxmox VE storage. Also, select the operating system type (Guest OS Type).
* **System:** Configure system parameters such as BIOS type (BIOS) and graphics adapter type (Graphic card).
* **Disks:** Create a virtual disk (Disk). Choose the storage type (Storage), disk size (Disk Size), and disk format (Disk Format). It is recommended to use the QCOW2 format for flexibility and snapshot support.
* **CPU:** Allocate CPUs (processor cores) for the virtual machine. Specify the number of sockets (Sockets) and cores per socket (Cores). Consider the resources of your physical server.
* **Memory:** Allocate RAM (memory) for the virtual machine. Specify the amount of Memory and Minimum Memory.
* **Network:** Configure the network interface (Network). Choose the network bridge (Bridge), device model (Device Model), and MAC address (MAC Address).
* **Confirm:** Check all parameters and click the "Finish" button.
5. **Start the virtual machine.** After creating the virtual machine, select it in the web interface and click the "Start" button.
6. **Connect to the virtual machine console.** Select the virtual machine in the web interface and click the "Console" button. You will see the operating system console of the virtual machine.
Example command to create a virtual machine via the command line (Proxmox VE):
Configuring a Virtual Machine After Creation
After creating the virtual machine, you need to configure the operating system and install the necessary packages.
1. **Install the operating system.** Boot from the ISO image and follow the operating system installer instructions.
2. **Install guest agents.** Guest agents improve integration between the host system and the virtual machine. They provide more accurate information about the virtual machine's state and allow you to perform certain operations, such as shutdown and restart, from the web interface.
Example commands to install guest agents (Debian/Ubuntu):
3. **Configure the network.** Configure the operating system's network parameters, such as IP address, subnet mask, gateway, and DNS servers. Use a static IP address for virtual machines that require a permanent address.
Example network configuration (Debian/Ubuntu, /etc/network/interfaces file):
4. **Install the necessary packages.** Install the packages needed for the virtual machine to function, such as a web server, database, programming language interpreter, etc.
5. **Configure the firewall.** Configure the firewall to protect the virtual machine from unauthorized access. Use tools such as `iptables` (Linux) or `firewalld` (CentOS/RHEL).
Creating and configuring a virtual machine is an important step that determines the functionality and security of your virtual infrastructure. Carefully plan your resources and configure security parameters.
Automate the virtual machine creation process using scripts and templates. This will save you a lot of time and effort.
Jane Smith, Cloud Architect
Virtual Machine Management: Basic Operations
Managing virtual machines through the web panel includes a wide range of operations, such as starting, stopping, rebooting, creating snapshots, cloning, and migrating. Web panels provide a convenient interface for performing these operations. Let's look at the basic operations of virtual machine management in Proxmox VE.
Starting, Stopping, and Rebooting a Virtual Machine
The main virtual machine power management operations are available in the Proxmox VE web interface. Select the virtual machine and click the "Start", "Stop", or "Reboot" button.
Alternatively, you can use the command line to perform these operations:
# Start virtual```html
How to Manage Virtual Machines Through a Web Panel?
In today's world, virtualization has become an integral part of IT infrastructure. Managing virtual machines (VMs) through a web panel is a convenient and efficient way to control and monitor resources. This article will provide you with a detailed guide on setting up and using a web panel to manage virtual machines, including examples of configuration files, practical commands, and troubleshooting tips. We will cover various aspects, from choosing the right control panel to monitoring the performance of your VMs. Ready to dive into the world of virtualization and web panels?
Choosing the Right Web Panel for Virtual Machine Management
Choosing the right web panel for managing virtual machines is a critical step that will determine the convenience and efficiency of your work. There are many options available, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. It is important to consider your needs, technical skills, and infrastructure. Let's look at some popular solutions and their features.
Proxmox VE: A Powerful Solution for Enterprise Environments
Proxmox Virtual Environment (VE) is an open-source virtualization platform based on Debian GNU/Linux. It combines KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) and LXC container virtualization. Proxmox VE provides a web interface for managing virtual machines, containers, storage, and networks. Proxmox is ideal for creating fault-tolerant virtualization clusters.
Advantages: Integrated support for KVM and LXC, built-in backup and restore system, management through a web interface, extensive scaling capabilities, active community.
Disadvantages: More complex setup compared to some other solutions, requires experience with Linux.
Example commands for managing Proxmox VE via the command line:
# Creating a virtual machine (VMID 100, Debian 11)
qm create 100 --name vm100 --memory 2048 --net0 bridge=vmbr0,firewall=1
# Importing an ISO image
qm importdisk 100 debian-11.iso local-lvm
# Configuring boot from disk
qm set 100 --bootdisk virtio0
# Starting the virtual machine
qm start 100
# Getting the status of the virtual machine
qm status 100
Example virtual machine configuration file (/etc/pve/qemu-server/100.conf):
Cockpit: A Simple and Convenient Web Interface for Linux
Cockpit is a free and easy-to-use web panel for managing Linux servers. Although Cockpit is not a specialized virtualization solution, it allows you to manage KVM virtual machines using plugins such as `cockpit-machines`. This makes it a good choice for small and medium-sized projects.
Advantages: Simple and intuitive interface, integration with Linux system tools, easy to install, does not require complex setup.
Disadvantages: Limited functionality compared to Proxmox VE, suitable only for managing KVM virtual machines.
Example commands for installing Cockpit and the `cockpit-machines` plugin:
After installation, Cockpit is available at https://<server_ip_address>:9090. Log in with a Linux user account with administrator privileges.
To create a virtual machine using Cockpit, you need to install the libvirt and qemu-kvm packages:
Virtualmin/Webmin: Universal Panels for Server Management
Virtualmin is a module for Webmin, a popular web panel for managing Linux servers. Virtualmin simplifies the management of virtual hosts, websites, mail servers, and databases. Although Virtualmin does not specialize in virtualization, it can manage virtual machines via APIs, such as Xen or KVM.
Advantages: Wide range of server management capabilities, convenient web interface, support for various virtualization technologies, a large number of available plugins.
Disadvantages: Not as deeply integrated with virtualization as Proxmox VE, can be overloaded with features if you only need virtualization.
Example commands for installing Virtualmin:
# Downloading the installation script
wget http://software.virtualmin.com/gpl/scripts/install.sh
# Running the installation script
sudo bash install.sh
After installation, Virtualmin is available at https://<server_ip_address>:10000. Log in with a Linux user account with administrator privileges. To manage virtual machines through Virtualmin, you need to configure the corresponding module and specify the connection parameters to the hypervisor (for example, Xen or KVM).
Web Panel
Supported Virtualization Technologies
Setup Complexity
Price
Proxmox VE
KVM, LXC
High
Free (with paid support)
Cockpit
KVM
Low
Free
Virtualmin
KVM, Xen (via API)
Medium
Free (GPL) and Paid (Professional)
Choosing a web panel should be based on your specific needs and technical capabilities. Don't overpay for features you don't need.
John Doe, Senior System Administrator
When choosing a web panel, also consider the availability of documentation and support. An active community and detailed documentation will help you solve problems faster.
Setting Up the Environment for Virtual Machine Management
Before installing a web panel and starting to create virtual machines, you need to prepare the environment. This includes installing the necessary packages, configuring the network, and checking the health of the virtualization system. Let's look at the basic steps.
Installing KVM and libvirt
KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is a Linux kernel module that allows you to use hardware virtualization. Libvirt is a library and a set of tools for managing virtual machines. For most web panels that support KVM, you need to install these packages.
Example commands for installing KVM and libvirt (CentOS/RHEL):
# Installing KVM and libvirt
sudo yum install qemu-kvm libvirt virt-install bridge-utils
# Starting and enabling libvirtd
sudo systemctl start libvirtd
sudo systemctl enable libvirtd
# Checking the status of libvirtd
sudo systemctl status libvirtd
Example commands for installing KVM and libvirt (Debian/Ubuntu):
# Installing KVM and libvirt
sudo apt install qemu-kvm libvirt-daemon-system virtinst bridge-utils
# Adding the user to the libvirt group
sudo adduser $USER libvirt
# Rebooting (or logging out and logging back in)
# Checking the status of libvirtd
sudo systemctl status libvirtd
After installation, you need to check that KVM is working correctly. You can use the following command to do this:
# Checking for hardware virtualization support
egrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo
If the result is greater than 0, then hardware virtualization is supported. If the result is 0, you need to check if virtualization is enabled in BIOS/UEFI.
Configuring the Network for Virtual Machines
Virtual machines need a network connection to access the network and the Internet. There are several ways to configure the network:
NAT (Network Address Translation): Virtual machines use the IP address of the host system and access the network through NAT.
Bridged Networking: Virtual machines get separate IP addresses from your network and connect directly to the network.
Internal Networking: Virtual machines are connected to an internal network that is isolated from the external network.
For most scenarios, it is recommended to use bridged networking, as this allows virtual machines to interact directly with other devices on the network.
Example bridged networking configuration (CentOS/RHEL, file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0):
Example bridged networking configuration (CentOS/RHEL, file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 - replace eth0 with the name of your network interface):
Example bridged networking configuration (Debian/Ubuntu, file /etc/network/interfaces):
auto br0
iface br0 inet dhcp
bridge_ports eth0
bridge_stp off
bridge_waitport 0
bridge_fd 0
After configuring the network, you need to restart the network service:
# Restarting the network (CentOS/RHEL)
sudo systemctl restart network
# Restarting the network (Debian/Ubuntu)
sudo systemctl restart networking
Setting Up SSH Access
For remote management of virtual machines, it is recommended to set up SSH access. This will allow you to connect to virtual machines via the command line.
Example command to install the SSH server (Debian/Ubuntu):
sudo apt install openssh-server
Example command to install the SSH server (CentOS/RHEL):
sudo yum install openssh-server
Make sure the SSH server is running and enabled at startup:
It is recommended to configure SSH keys for secure passwordless access.
# Generating an SSH key on the client machine
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096
# Copying the key to the server
ssh-copy-id user@server_ip
Example SSH server configuration file (/etc/ssh/sshd_config):
Port 22
ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
PermitRootLogin no
PubkeyAuthentication yes
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys
PasswordAuthentication no
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
UsePAM no
X11Forwarding no
AcceptEnv LANG LC_*
Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server
Make sure that the firewall allows access to the SSH port (default 22).
Setting up the environment is an important step that will ensure the stable and secure operation of your virtual machines. Do not skip it and carefully check all the parameters.
Web Panel Installation and Configuration
After preparing the environment, you can proceed to install and configure the selected web panel. The installation process may vary depending on the panel, but the general principles remain the same: downloading the installation package, running the installer, and configuring access parameters. Let's consider the installation of Proxmox VE as an example.
Installing Proxmox VE
Proxmox VE is installed on a clean Debian GNU/Linux system. It is recommended to use the latest stable version of Debian.
1. **Downloading the Proxmox VE ISO image:** Download the ISO image from the official Proxmox VE website: https://www.proxmox.com/en/downloads.
2. **Creating a bootable medium:** Write the ISO image to a USB drive or DVD. You can use tools such as Rufus (Windows) or dd (Linux).
# Creating a bootable USB (replace /dev/sdX with the name of your USB device)
sudo dd bs=4M if=proxmox-ve_7.4-1.iso of=/dev/sdX conv=fsync
**Warning:** Using the `dd` command can lead to data loss if you specify the wrong device. Be extremely careful!
3. **Booting from the medium and installing:** Boot the server from the created medium and follow the installer instructions. The installer will ask for network parameters, administrator password, and other settings.
4. **Updating the system:** After installation, you need to update the system and install the necessary packages.
# Updating the package list
apt update
# Updating the system
apt full-upgrade
5. **Configuring Proxmox VE repositories:** By default, Proxmox VE uses a repository with a paid subscription. For home use, you can use a repository without a subscription.
# Removing the repository with the subscription
rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pve-enterprise.list
# Adding a repository without a subscription
echo "deb http://download.proxmox.com/debian/pve bullseye pve-no-subscription" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pve-no-subscription.list
# Updating the package list
apt update
# Updating the system
apt full-upgrade
6. **Installing the web interface:** Proxmox VE installs the web interface automatically. It can be accessed at https://<server_ip_address>:8006.
7. **Setting the time:** It is important that the server has the correct time set. Use NTP (Network Time Protocol) to synchronize the time.
# Installing NTP
apt install ntp
# Checking the status of NTP
systemctl status ntp
Configuring the web panel after installation
After installing the web panel, you need to configure it to work with virtual machines. This includes configuring the network, storage, and users.
**Configuring the network (Proxmox VE):** Configure network bridges to connect virtual machines to the network. This can be done through the web interface or through the command line.
# Creating a network bridge (vmbr1, connected to eth1)
ip link add name vmbr1 type bridge
ip link set dev eth1 master vmbr1
ip addr flush dev eth1
ip addr add 192.168.1.10/24 dev vmbr1
ip link set dev vmbr1 up
ip link set dev eth1 up
**Configuring storage (Proxmox VE):** Configure storage for storing virtual machine disk images. Proxmox VE supports various types of storage, such as local, directory, NFS, iSCSI, and Ceph.
# Creating storage (directory, name "data", path /var/lib/vz)
pvesm add dir data --path /var/lib/vz --content images,rootdir
**User management (Proxmox VE):** Create users and assign them access rights to virtual machines. It is recommended not to use the root account to manage virtual machines.
# Creating a user (john, group "pve")
pveum useradd john@pve --password "StrongPassword"
# Assigning access rights (VM.Allocate, VM.PowerMgmt, on VMID 100)
pveum aclmod /vms/100 -user john@pve -perm VM.Allocate VM.PowerMgmt
**Configuring the firewall (Proxmox VE):** Configure the firewall to protect virtual machines from unauthorized access. Proxmox VE has a built-in firewall that can be configured through the web interface or through the command line.
Example firewall configuration (Proxmox VE, file /etc/pve/firewall/cluster.fw):
[OPTIONS]
enable: 1
[RULES]
IN ACCEPT -source 192.168.1.0/24 -dest 192.168.1.10
IN DROP -source ALL -dest 192.168.1.10
OUT ACCEPT -dest 192.168.1.0/24 -source 192.168.1.10
OUT DROP -dest ALL -source 192.168.1.10
Installing and configuring a web panel is a complex process that requires attention and knowledge of Linux. Take your time and carefully follow the instructions.
Official Proxmox VE Installation Guide
Creating and Configuring a Virtual Machine Through the Web Panel
```
After installing and configuring the web panel, you can proceed to create virtual machines. The process of creating a virtual machine usually includes choosing an operating system, allocating resources (CPU, RAM, disk), and configuring the network. Let's look at the process of creating a virtual machine in Proxmox VE.
Creating a Virtual Machine in Proxmox VE
1. **Open the Proxmox VE web interface** and log in using an administrator account.
2. **Select the node where the virtual machine will be created.** In a Proxmox VE cluster, a node is a physical server.
3. **Click the "Create VM" button** in the upper right corner of the web interface.
4. **The virtual machine creation wizard will guide you through several steps:**
* **General:** Set the Virtual Machine ID (VM ID), Name, and Resource Pool. The VM ID must be unique within the cluster.
* **OS:** Choose the operating system ISO image (OS Image). If you don't have an ISO image, upload it to the Proxmox VE storage. Also, select the operating system type (Guest OS Type).
* **System:** Configure system parameters such as BIOS type (BIOS) and graphics adapter type (Graphic card).
* **Disks:** Create a virtual disk (Disk). Choose the storage type (Storage), disk size (Disk Size), and disk format (Disk Format). It is recommended to use the QCOW2 format for flexibility and snapshot support.
* **CPU:** Allocate CPUs (processor cores) for the virtual machine. Specify the number of sockets (Sockets) and cores per socket (Cores). Consider the resources of your physical server.
* **Memory:** Allocate RAM (memory) for the virtual machine. Specify the amount of Memory and Minimum Memory.
* **Network:** Configure the network interface (Network). Choose the network bridge (Bridge), device model (Device Model), and MAC address (MAC Address).
* **Confirm:** Check all parameters and click the "Finish" button.
5. **Start the virtual machine.** After creating the virtual machine, select it in the web interface and click the "Start" button.
6. **Connect to the virtual machine console.** Select the virtual machine in the web interface and click the "Console" button. You will see the operating system console of the virtual machine.
Example command to create a virtual machine via the command line (Proxmox VE):
Configuring a Virtual Machine After Creation
After creating the virtual machine, you need to configure the operating system and install the necessary packages.
1. **Install the operating system.** Boot from the ISO image and follow the operating system installer instructions.
2. **Install guest agents.** Guest agents improve integration between the host system and the virtual machine. They provide more accurate information about the virtual machine's state and allow you to perform certain operations, such as shutdown and restart, from the web interface.
Example commands to install guest agents (Debian/Ubuntu):
3. **Configure the network.** Configure the operating system's network parameters, such as IP address, subnet mask, gateway, and DNS servers. Use a static IP address for virtual machines that require a permanent address.
Example network configuration (Debian/Ubuntu, /etc/network/interfaces file):
4. **Install the necessary packages.** Install the packages needed for the virtual machine to function, such as a web server, database, programming language interpreter, etc.
5. **Configure the firewall.** Configure the firewall to protect the virtual machine from unauthorized access. Use tools such as `iptables` (Linux) or `firewalld` (CentOS/RHEL).
Creating and configuring a virtual machine is an important step that determines the functionality and security of your virtual infrastructure. Carefully plan your resources and configure security parameters.
Automate the virtual machine creation process using scripts and templates. This will save you a lot of time and effort.
Jane Smith, Cloud Architect
Virtual Machine Management: Basic Operations
Managing virtual machines through the web panel includes a wide range of operations, such as starting, stopping, rebooting, creating snapshots, cloning, and migrating. Web panels provide a convenient interface for performing these operations. Let's look at the basic operations of virtual machine management in Proxmox VE.
Starting, Stopping, and Rebooting a Virtual Machine
The main virtual machine power management operations are available in the Proxmox VE web interface. Select the virtual machine and click the "Start", "Stop", or "Reboot" button.
Alternatively, you can use the command line to perform these operations:
